<p>Cashew is an important domestic commodity traded all over the world and cashew industry is the livelihood of more than three million people worldwide involved in production, processing and trade. India is one of the major cashew producing countries holding a share of 39.60 percent of the world production. The national average productivity of cashew is very low compared to yields realized in research. The cause for low yield includes the old cashew orchard, neglecting of cashew orchards, damage due to pest and diseases and other management problems. The different high yield cashew variety/ hybrids are tried by many farmers in India and the different research station to get good output of yield. Recently at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Ullal tried different high yielding cashew varieties in Coastal Zone of Karnataka. But many of cashew variety incurred the problem of pest and stem borer. None of cashew grows better except, Ullal-1, Ullal-2, Ullal-3, which has regular high yield and maintaining the original size, shapes with respect to the nut size, kernel size and nut count per kg of seed.</p> <p>The perennial nature of cashew tree provides continuous supply of food and shelter for the multiplication of pest and pathogens which cause considerable damage and reduce the yield and quality of cashew nut. The uneven rain fall, high temperature and relative humidity severely affects the yield of the cashew crops by directly affecting the flower pollination, fruit set and development of cashew nut.The ideal temperature between 24 and 280 C and relative humidity between 65 and 75% found to be the best biotic factors responsible for the good and yield and quality cashew nut. Shedding of old foliage and followed by emerging new flushes is the natural procedure after the closing of monsoon. Foliar spray with 1% urea, 2-3% micronutrient found to be good for the extra yield in cashew crops. Drip irrigation with 4 days interval after the fruit set noted significant yield in Ullal series and other high yielding cashew varieties.</p> <p>The soil application of farm yard manure, neam cake along with recommended dose of NPK every year regularly enhance the flushes in time in cashew crops and also has good immune power to the cashew tree during the flushing.The variation in the climatic factor, the cashew variety of Ullal series, NDR 2-1, Vengurla 7, Bapatla 8 and Bhaskar are not changed in the growth and develop and fruit setting. These varieties have very good response to the application of fertilizer and supplement of micro-nutrients.</p> <p>Therefore, enhancement of quality cashew production is possible only through the resistant cashew species of cashew variety which could be the definite fighter against climatic factors it receive during the growth. The researcher and farmers are only the enhancer of yield but not the real player of the cashew growth and development.Growing intercrops, likely Ginger, Turmeric, Elephant foot yam, Papaya, Bush pepper, Banana are found to be economical in cashew orchard. Among the different crops, the 2 rows of Bush pepper between 8m X 8m spacing cashew orchard found to be economical and advantages of cultural practices in cashew orchard. The yield of 500 to 600 gm of pepper will be the yield of 1.5 meter canopy of Bush pepper in cashew field. Therefore growing Pepper after 5 years in cashew orchard, the real extra benefit for the cashew grower</p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="width:549.6pt"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Cashew Variety</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>Yield per Tree ( kg)</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>Size of the Seed ( cm2)</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>Weight of the Seed ( gm )</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>Weight of the Kernel ( gm )</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Ullal –1</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>17.75</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>7.8</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>7.31</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.24</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Ullal –2</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>16.3</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>6.96</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>7.15</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.2</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Ullal -3</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>13.1</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>10.5</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>10.93</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.59</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Ullal -4</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>16.62</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>7.5</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>8.72</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.14</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>UN-50</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>13.47</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>13.5</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>10.45</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.63</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>NDR-2-1</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>22.2</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>9.9</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>10.1</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.17</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Priyanka</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>17.88</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>10.73</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>13.02</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.54</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Vengurla-7</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>13.7</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>11.6</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>7.91</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Bapatla – 8</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>14.28</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>8.73</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>9.46</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.21</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:78.5pt"> <p>Bhaskar</p> </td> <td style="width:95.65pt"> <p>15.68</p> </td> <td style="width:116.65pt"> <p>7.13</p> </td> <td style="width:127.15pt"> <p>8.91</p> </td> <td style="width:131.65pt"> <p>2.18</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The above table shows cashew varieties having seed size, seed weight and Kernel weight.</p> <p> <strong>Cashew varieties which are suitable for various states of India</strong></p> <table border="1" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>TAMIL NADU</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Vridhachalam-1, Vridhachalam-2, Vridhachalam-3,VRI-4,VRI(CW)H1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>KERALA</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Akshaya(H-7-6),Amrutha(H-15),Anagha(H-8-1),Anakkayam-1(BLA-139-1),Dhana(H-1608),Dharasree(H-3-17),K-22-1,Kanaka(H-1598),Madakkathara-1(BLA-39-4),Madakkathara-2, Priyanka, Sulabha, Damodara</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>ANDHRA PRADESH</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>BPP-1,BPP-2,BPP-3,BPP-4,BPP-5,BPP-6,BPP-8(H2/16)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>MAHARASTHRA</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Vengurla-1,Vengurla-2,Vengurla-3,Vengurla-4,Vengurla-5, Vengurla-6, Vengurla-7</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>GOA</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Goa-1,Vengurla-4, Vengurla-7, Goa(11/6)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>ORISSA</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Bhubaneshwar-1,BPP-8,Dhana</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>WEST BENGAL</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Jhargram-1, BPP-8,Dhana</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>NORTH EASTERN HILLS</p> </td> <td style="width:239.4pt"> <p>Ullal-3,Ullal-4,Vengurla-1,Vengurla-4</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>